It may seem that both statements are fully compatible, if not identical, in meaning. Yet appearances are deceiving. The slight change in terminology betrays the decisive difference. To be sure, both statements claim God’s unsurpassable sovereignty in and over creation. From Qoheleth’s perspective, God’s determinations are immutably sufficient; nothing can be added or subtracted from them (v. 14; cf. Prov. 30:5–6). God’s determinations are unchangeable; human action is ineffectual. But whereas conventional